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Investigating Affective Use and Emotional Well-being on ChatGPT

Companionship & Loneliness

Jason Phang, Michael Lampe, Lama Ahmad, Sandhini Agarwal, et al. · 2025 · arXiv (OpenAI and MIT Media Lab)

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Across millions of conversations, emotional use is concentrated in a small group of heavy users, whose use goes with more self-reported dependence. Company data.

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