Cathy Mengying Fang, Auren R. Liu, Pat Pataranutaporn, Pattie Maes, et al. · 2025 · arXiv (MIT Media Lab and OpenAI) Read the source In a four-week study of 981 people, the type of chatbot made no difference — but people who chose to use it more became lonelier, socialized less and grew more dependent. Co-authored and funded by OpenAI. Questions it bears on Does AI companionship displace people Habit, dependence or rational reliance